Cybernetics and Human Knowing Stylesheet

CHK is in the process of standardizing its style.  We have selected the style of the APA  (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5^th edition) because this style is commonly used by social scientists, cognitive scientists, and educators. The APA website contains information about the correct citation of electronic sources.  The APA Publication Manual is available from booksellers.

Submit the text electronically as a Word doc or as a text (RTF) file. Author name needs to be part of the filename of your electronic document submitted to CHK.

Submit you document in Times/Times New Roman ( font, size 11 (for body text paragraphs). Check your Word stylesheet to make certain that all paragraph types (including footnotes, headings, etc.) use the same font.

Avoid embedded commands. This includes, among others, hypenation commands, URLs, and E-Mail address links (Be careful as Word will automatically create the last two as links.) Exceptions: You should use footnote commands, and may use anchor points for graphics only.

If you have used tracking, comments, or versions in Word be sure that the document is cleared of all these, and all that is submittted in the final version of the paper is in a clean form. 

Graphics & Tables: Tables, Figures and other graphics should never exceed 5 inches in width or 8 inches in height. Minimum font size for table cells is 9pts. Our standard for graphics is 300 dpi. Graphics should be created as jpg, tif, pdf, or eps files. They should be 1)  included in the manuscript at the correct location and 2) submitted as a separate electronic file with the manuscript.

APA

We recommend that authors adhere to the style of the APA throughout their text.  We recommend headings follow the APA convention.  We require that Citations and References adhere strictly to APA style.

We ask authors to indent the first line of each new paragraph. The use of the alternative (empty line between paragraphs) is ambiguous when it follows a block quotation.

Text

Follow the text style used in articles previously published in CHK.  The first page includes the title, authors’ byline, abstract, and first paragraphs of the text.  Use footnotes rather than endnotes; notes should be placed at the bottom of the appropriate page.  Title:  If you wish to acknowledge any party (e.g., funding source) place a footnote following the title of the article.  Byline:  A footnote should follow each authors’ name.  The note should include snail mail and e-mail contact information for that author. 

The author byline should be followed by the paper’s abstract.  The abstract should normally not exceed 200 words. At the end of the abstract, please provide information to the publisher such as:  running header and key words.  Figures and Tables should be placed into the body of the paper.   Appendixes should be placed after the main body of the paper and before the list of references.  References should follow the body of the paper.

Headings (APA, 3.31&3.32, pp. 113-115)

Headings should be consistent by level throughout the article.  APA headings follow this convention:

LEVEL 5 HEADING, CENTERED, UPPERCASE

Level 1 Heading, Centered, Lowercase

Level 2 Heading, Centered, Lowercase, Italics

Level 3 Heading, Left, Lowercase, Italics

            Level 4 Heading, Lowercase, Italics, ending with a period and at beginning of paragraph to which it applies.  Rest of paragraph in default font.

Most papers do not include five levels and level 5 is rarely used.  When level 5 is used it becomes the highest level.  If the paper includes only two levels use levels 1 & 3.  If the paper includes three levels, use levels 1, 3, & 4.  Four levels would include levels 1, 2, 3 & 4.  The publisher will determine how headings will appear in the final publication.

Quotations (APA, 3.34-3.38, pp. 117-120)

A quotation of less than forty words should be incorporated in the text and enclosed in double quotation marks.  A quotation of forty or more words should be displayed as a block quote (a freestanding block of typewritten lines).  The block should be indented approximately 1/2 inch or 1 centimeter. Use no quotation marks.

Quotations should be cited [Name, date, page numbers] for example:

(Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332) or (Cheek & Buss, 1981, pp. 332-333)

References and Citations

Citations (in the text) and References (at the end of the paper) should follow APA closely.  The rule of thumb is that your reader must be able to locate the very material that you are referring to.  Samples are provided below [note that some examples are real, some are fanciful]:

Journal Articles

1 author, journal paginated by volume (APA, #1, p. 240):

Nagel, T. (1974). What it is like to be a bat. Philosophical Review, 83, 435-450.

Cite text as:     (Nagel, 1974)

2 authors, journal paginated by issue (APA, #2, p. 240):

Winn, W. D., & Bricken, W. (1992). Designing virtual worlds for use in mathematics education:  The example of experiential algebra. Educational Technology, 32(12), 12-19.

Cite text as:     (Winn & Bricken, 1992)

For three to five authors, include all names (APA, #3.95, p. 208):

Allen, A., Boyles, B., & Childs, C. (date)., etc.

Cite text as:     initial citation: (Allen, Boyles, & Childs, date)

subsequent citations: (Allen et al., date)

For six or more authors (APA, #3.95, p. 209):

Allen, A., Boyles, B., Childs, C., Deere, D., Evert, E., Franks, F. et al. (date)., etc.

Cite text as:     (Allen et al., date)

Articles may be cited as “in press” only when the manuscript has been accepted for publication (APA, #5, p. 241):

Author. (in press). Article title. Journal Name.

Article submitted for consideration (APA, #6, p. 263):

Author. (date). Article title. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Books

Standard citation  (APA, B, p. 248):

Eco. U. (1984). Semiotics and the philosophy of language. Bloomington, IN:  Indiana University Press.

Reprints of texts by the same publisher [i.e., 2^nd printing, 7^th printing]: Use the original copyright date. You may include the date of the most recent printing [the one you read] in parentheses at the end of the entry:  (4^th printing, 2002):

Eco. U. (1984). Semiotics and the philosophy of language. Bloomington, IN:  Indiana University Press. (6^th printing, 1997)

Reprints of texts by a different publisher: Use both original copyright date and the current publication/copyright date.  This applies both to reprinted and to translated works:

Reprinted: (APA, #40, p. 255)

Eco. U. (2002). Semiotics and the philosophy of language. NY:  Oxford University Press. (Reprinted from Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1984)

Cite text as:     (Eco, 1984/2002)

Translated:  (APA, #39, p. 254)

Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Stachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London:  Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923)

Cite text as:     (Freud, 1923/1961)

Revised editions and numbered editions [2^nd, 3^rd, etc.]:  Use the current copyright date and add the edition information to the title.

Gagné, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1988). Principles of instructional design (3^rd ed.). Fort Worth, TX:  Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

A chapter in an edited text  (APA, #34, p. 252):  Use the following form:

Krippendorff, K. (1994). A recursive theory of communication. In D. Crowley & D. Mitchell (Eds.), Communication theory today (pp. 78-104). Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press.

A chapter in an edited text in a series  (APA, #36, p. 253):  Use the following form:

Knuth, R., & Cunningham, D. J. (1993). Tools for constructivism. In [Name (Series Ed.) if available] [and] T. M. Duffy, J. Lowyck, & D. H. Jonassen (Volume Eds.), NATO ASI Series F, Computer and Systems Sciences: Volume 105. Designing environments for constructive learning (pp. 163-188). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Use of Quotation Marks and Italics

Quotation Marks

to introduce a word or phrase used as an ironic comment, as slang, or as an invented or coined expression.  Use quotation marks the first time the word or phrase is used; thereafter, do not use quotation marks

to set off the title of an article or chapter in a book when that title is used in the text.

SINGLE QUOTE MARKS are not used in APA except within double quote marks (as when a quotation appears within the material the author is quoting).

Italics

- use italics to prevent a word from being misinterpreted

- use italics to cite a letter, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example

- use italics to introduce a technical or key term

- titles of books, periodicals, & microfilm publications

- genera, species, and varieties

- letters used as statisitical symbols or algebraic variables

- anchors of a scale.

Do not italicize

- foreign phrases and abbreviations common in English

- chemical terms

- trigonometric terms

-  Greek letters

- mere emphasis

- letters used as abbreviations

Additional information about citations

Multiple citations in text:  (APA, #3.99, p. 212):  Multiple publications by the same author should separated by commas; multiple publications by different authors should be separated by semicolons.  For example:  (Jonassen, 1968, 1984, 1993; Duffy, 1997; Johnson & Taylor, 1991)

Use of the ampersand (&):  (APA, #3.95, p. 209):

- Within parentheses, use the ampersand: (Johnson & Taylor, 1991).

- In the body of the paper use the word and:  Johnson and Taylor (1991).

 Special cases concerning dates

- (APA, #4.09, p. 225):  When a work has no date of publication cite (Name, n.d).

- (APA, #32, p. 251):  When date of publication is inapplicable, as for very old works, cite the date of the translation you used (Aristotle, trans. 1931) or

- (APA, #32, p. 251):  The year of the version you used (James, 1983 version).

- (APA, #4.09, p. 225):  If you know the original date of publication include this in the citation (James, 1890/1983).

Questions?

Questions concerning the form that citations within the text or the form that reference entries should take may be directed to Jeanette Bopry This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it